Conditions treated.
Everything below is the knee, and only the knee. Each page explains what the problem is, when surgery is and is not the answer, and what recovery looks like.
Ligament injuries
ACL, multi-ligament and anterolateral reconstruction
An ACL tear is a rotation problem, not just a torn rope.
Meniscus
Repair first, remove only when repair is not possible
The meniscus is the knee's shock absorber. Removing it is a decision, not a default.
Cartilage
Restoration and regenerative options
Cartilage does not heal on its own. Some defects can be restored.
Kneecap instability
Patellofemoral instability
A kneecap that dislocates once will often do it again. The second time is avoidable.
Alignment and osteotomy
Femoral and tibial osteotomy
If the leg is bent, the knee is overloaded on one side. Straightening the leg can save the joint.
Arthritis and knee replacement
Partial, robotic-assisted and total replacement
Replace what is worn. Keep what is not.